Definition and Examples of Premodifiers in English

Definition and Examples of Premodifiers in English In English grammar, a premodifier is a modifier that precedes the head of a noun phrase. Most often, premodifiers are adjectives (a beautiful day), participles (broken heart), or other nouns (time management). Premodifers are sometimes referred to as epithets. As noted by Douglas Biber et al., Premodifiers and postmodifiers are distributed in the same way across registers: rare in conversation, very common in informational writing (Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English, 2002). Examples and Observations The next morning, Lonsdale was spotted coming out of a nearby house.Indeed, it is a commonplace observation that a truly intelligent youth is aided but little by the average college education.(H.L. Mencken)We have enjoyed some extremely varied and consistently excellent performances at this theater.The road deteriorated until it resembled a casually discarded trail of large and sharp stones.The problem is not just our junkie-like behavior; it is that there is another energy junkie in the neighborhood with a growing habit- China.(Ed Schultz, Killer Politics: How Big Money and Bad Politics Are Destroying the Great American Middle Class. Hyperion, 2010)Younkers was the most elegant, up-to-the-minute, briskly efficient, satisfyingly urbane place in Iowa.(Bill Bryson, The Life and Times of the Thunderbolt Kid. Broadway Books, 2006) Four Major Types of Premodifiers There are four major structural types of premodification in English: - general adjective: big pillow, new pants, official negotiations, political isolation- -ed participial modifier: restricted area, improved growth, fixed volume, established tradition- -ing participial modifier: flashing lights, growing problem, exhausting task- noun: staff room, pencil case, market forces, maturation period In addition, . . . determiners, genitives, and numerals precede the head and modifiers, and help to specify the reference of noun phrases. Premodifiers are condensed structures. They use fewer words than postmodifiers to convey roughly the same information. Most adjectival and participial premodifiers can be rephrased as a longer, postmodifying relative clause . . .. (Douglas Biber, Susan Conrad, and Geoffrey Leech, Longman Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Pearson, 2002) Premodifiers and Compounds Premodifying elements in prehead position are often used as qualifiers, which means that they restrict the reference of the head of the noun phrase to a subset of the things it denotes. In many cases the resultant expression is fairly permanent, and is used regularly. Eventually the meaning of the combined expression may differ from the meaning that is derivable from the meaning of its constituents. In this case the term compound or nominal compound is often used. . . . (29) lighthouse- light music(30) software- soft option(31) hothouse- hot house(32) blackbird- black bird(33) darkroom- dark room The first element in these examples is always the compound which is contrasted to the second element that is not usually regarded as a compound. Compounds tend to have a primary stress on the first element, whereas noun phrase combinations are written as two words. (Andreas H. Jucker, Social Stylistics: Syntactic Variation in British Newspapers. Mouton de Gruyter, 1992) The Problem of Stacking: Excessive Premodification A particularly disturbing feature of scientific writing is excessive premodification- the piling up of adjectives, or words being used adjectivally, in front of a noun: a mobile hopper fed compressed air operated grit blasting machine. . . . As a general rule, we recognize that listeners find it difficult to cope with the delivery of so many qualifications before the main noun. So we put some of our modifiers before it, and most of them after it. . . . a mobile grit-blasting machine, fed from a hopper and operated by compressed air (John Kirkman, Good Style: Writing For Science And Technology, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2005)

Learning Styles Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Learning Styles - Coursework Example However learning styles have been criticized stating that in achieving goals and learner’s motivation, teaching or learning based on learning styles have very little impact and does not play a significant role and might typecast the learners (Coffield et al, 2004). Using the Learning style inventory assessment questionnaire (Honey and Mumford, 1992), I learnt that my preferred way of learning or learning style is reflector. In the present paper a critical reflection of the identified learning style in the context of three personal development goals is analysed along with the critical evaluation of the internal and external factors contributing to the attainment of my personal development goals and at the end learning developmental plan is giving on SMART principles. Critical Analysis of Reflector Learning Style Kolb (1984, p.38) who developed learning cycle defined â€Å"Learning as the process whereby knowledge is created through the transformation of experience†. Base d on Kolb’s (1984) learning cycle, Honey and Mumford (1992) developed the ‘learning styles inventory’, and according to Honey and Mumford (1992, p.1) â€Å"the term learning styles is used as a description of the attitudes and behaviours which determine an individual’s preferred way of learning† and no learning style is superior to that of another. The below figure gives the four learning styles developed by Honey and Mumford (1992), where they said that people either learn through teaching or experience and explained four learning stages and suggested that a person may start learning at any of the stages illustrated below. Figure 1: Honey and Mumford: Typology of Learners (Honey and Mumford, 1992) Honey and Mumford (1992), state that a reflector collects information and evaluates it before coming to a conclusion. Reflectors until and unless are sure about the conclusion does not give their opinion or judgement as they are very cautious and thoughtf ul. Reflectors favour intellectual activities, situations that are passive, for participative activity need substantial briefing beforehand, preparation time, thorough research, learning situations that are structured and do not favour pressure or time limits. They do not cope up well with lack of adequate information and well laid instructions, spontaneous thinking and time bound activities (UMIST, 2003 and University of Southampton, 2003). My main personal goal is to become a Diplomat and a good martial arts teacher because I am interested in diplomatic service and learning martial arts from a long time and want to impart the knowledge to others and popularize the art form, other than that I want to score good grades in the Business Management course, the below analysis examines whether my learning style helps in achieving these goals. A critical reflection of the identified learning style-Reflector in the context of three personal development goals. Basing on the principles of C- SMART goal setting that stands for the goals that are Challenging, Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timely (Life Rocks, 2007; ECU, 2010; University of Ballarat, 2012) I have set my goals as follows. I want to become a Diplomat and a Capoeira martial arts teacher – an Afro-Brazilian martial art combined with dance but before that I want to secure good grades in the Business management course ending May 2014. I want to secure A+ grade in the course, meanwhile work part time as a Capoeira martia

Cross-Cultural Awareness Research Project Diary Method Essay

Cross-Cultural Awareness Research Project Diary Method - Essay Example Thus it is imperative that new skills and strategies are evolved to meet the emerging challenges with efficiency and unmatched proficiency. Interestingly, in the current environment of multicultural societies, reflective practices through diaries have become vital links to understand and improve outcome. One is able to reflect on issues and factors that have impacted the person. I have used the entries and content of my diary in discussing the various perspectives of the changing society, especially vis-a-vis international marketing. Various authors have also claim that diaries provide vital clues and techniques to improve and improvise productivity (Nadin, Sara and Catherine Cassell, 2006; Bolger, Niall, Angelina Davis, and Eshkol Rafaeli, 2003). I feel that cultural competency has emerged as a major issue within and outside the businesses community that impacts relationship building. Various authors Ghauri, Pervez and Cateora (2010) strongly contend that changing cultural dynamics are strong facilitator of change and significantly impact international businesses. Indeed, it can be described as the need to understand cross cultural values and adapt to the changing societal pattern of globalization. ... Communication is one of the most important skills that must be developed for long term sustainable professional and personal relationships. The need to develop a bond that is mutually beneficial as well as fruitful in the long run is inherent part of social contact paradigm. Everyone needs to communicate with one other, in one way or the other but mastering it ensures that one is able to convey his thoughts and ideas to the other with clarity and with ease. Indeed, a person, who makes effort to develop and improve inter-personal communication, is able to strengthen his professional relationship. He also helps facilitate a better understanding that paves way to a success which promises productive outcome. Better communication mode through cross cultural understanding has also the advantage of creating and fostering new associations with people who contribute to the personality development and help widen the area of knowledge and skills. This characteristic is particularly beneficial t o people who need to interact with public and new persons on a daily basis. The leaders and market and sales professionals need to develop this skill. They must be able to effectively communicate with other so as to motivate and inspire others towards their intended issues and goals. A good leader is not only able to inspire but he is able to diffuse a volatile situation and turn it into an advantage for himself and his organization. In the rapidly developing environment of global competitiveness, it is essential that people must make efforts to cultivate this skill. In the age of globalization and multicultural societies, it is important that they develop the right communication skills to interact with people of other race, cultures

Narrative Comment Essay Example for Free

Narrative Comment Essay Analyzing the thesis statement of the narrative, it can be seen that it focuses on the importance of decision-making. At the same time, it also allows readers to examine how effective choices can help provide the satisfaction necessary in order to address the individual’s needs in a deeper level. In terms of the narrative’s point of view, it sought to provide readers with a more personal view towards the application of the thesis statement. It can be seen that the actions were made throughout the paper. On the other hand, the selection of an event best suits the thesis statement as there is a clash between the perspective of the author and her father. This experience highlighted how important of sticking up to decisions is vital to achieve acceptance and success. In chronology, the document provides specific attention to details and organization. It provides specific words that portray appropriate use of time. See more: how to start a personal narrative essay examples Though it may lack originality and detail, it is relevant in providing clarity on how detail is given. Similarly, transitions between scenes were also given accordingly. The use of transition words are present in the narrative and helps readers understand the changes happening in each scene. The use of dialogue was also introduced into the document. Here, it allows readers to understand its value and portrays important points in the argument. The writer made considerable attention into citing quotations coming from actors to highlight significant aspects such as the decision to study abroad and the father’s choice to say yes. Lastly, it can be seen that the verb tenses are consistent with what the narrative portrays. At the same time, it also provides strong action verbs especially during the scenes that depict emotions and feelings of the author.

Attention Deficit Disorder :: essays research papers

Attection Deficit Disorder To be nobody-but-myself--in a world which is doing its best, night and day, to make you everybody else-means to fight the hardest battle which any human being can fight, and never stop fighting. -E.E. Cummings, 1958 Attention Deficit Disorder is a long and some what mysterious sounding name that tries to describe something you probably already call Hyperactivity. But, attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) is much more that Hyperactivity. History of ADD In 1902 children who demonstrated many of the symptoms that are today part of attention deficit disorder would be described as children with "morbid defects in moral control". In the 1940's, children exhibiting this form of behavior were diagnosed with "brain injured syndrome" because children with brain injuries from disease or trauma behave in much the same way. Any child displaying these behaviors regardless of evidence of brain injury were diagnosed as having brain injury syndrome. What Causes ADD? ADD may be caused by a abnormally from trauma, disease, fetal exposure to alcohol and tobacco, or high levels of Lead. In parts of the brain there is a diminished activity in the morphology and frontal region of the brain. Statistics of ADD Most of the diagnosis is at childhood. Experts say that over 2 million (3 to 5%) children have ADD. About 50% of these 2 million children who have ADD are believed to be underachievers. Also with this 50% the children are believed to have social and academic difficulties. About 40% of the 2 million have a 40% IQ discrepancy. The glad part is that 80% - 90% of these children receive medication for there problem, but most of them still need behavior modifications. Most schools help with that. Behaviors Observed in ADD Some characteristics are: -Makes careless mistakes in school work. -Dislikes tasks that involve sustaining mental effort. -Has difficulty sustaining attention. -Does not seem to listen when spoken to. -Often loses things. -Does not follow through on instructions. -Often distracted. -Has difficulty organizing tasks. -Often forgetful in daily activities. Six or more of the following symptoms will result in the diagnosis of peractivity- impulsivity: Hyperactivity Impulsivity Fidgets or squirms Often talks excessively Often leaves seat in classroom Often blurts out answers Often runs about inappropriately Often has difficulty waiting turn Difficulty playing quietly Often interrupts others Also while the person with ADD gets older the Impulsivity gets more consistent. Usually girls don't show Impulsivity as much as guys. How To Help ADD In The Classroom Researchers have identified classroom characteristics which promote success for many children that have ADD: -predictability -structure -shorter work periods -small teacher to pupil ratio -more individualized instruction -interesting curriculum -use of positive reinforcements The teachers attitude is very helpful if she/he has the following characteristics:

The Human Respiratory System: Diagnosis Questions

A)How could an infection in Cari’s nasal passage and pharynx spread into her sinuses? a. Her infection was able to spread to her sinuses because her sinuses became an area that her nasal passages and pharynx could drain into. In here the drainage just sat there and became a breeding ground for bacteria. B)What is the Cough Reflex? Describe the process that Cari’s respiratory system is using to clear her lungs by coughing? a. The cough reflex is used to get things like irritants and fluid which causes us to have sputum out of the nasal passage and pharynx.The cilia or little hairs that are in our trachea is trying to move that mucus and crap from her lungs because they don’t want it there so when there is too much mucus it triggers the cough reflex try to get it out to make more room. C)Which structures found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli normally would protect Cari’s lungs from infectious pathogens and particulate fluid? a. The structure that wou ld normally help with this are the Macrophages. They are normal found in the terminal bronchioles and alveoli. D)How would the resistance of Cari’s airway be affected by excess mucus and fluid in her lungs? . It would cause her airway to have resistance because of the fluid buildup would cause her airway to be smaller in diameter. With all of the fluid in her lungs some of her alveoli would be under this fluid causing them not to be able to work like they should and causing friction. E)How would Cari’s lung compliance (the effort required to expand the lungs) be altered as her alveoli fill with fluid due to pneumonia? a. It would increase I believe because she will be working harder to gases In and out of the alveoli.F)How would fluid in Cari’s lungs affect her total lung capacity? a. Her overall lung capacity would be lowered or decreased because of all the fluid in there. With the fluid in there it is taking up all the space that she would normally use for air which means she can’t get as much air in her lungs. G)How does the elevation of Cari’s respiratory rate alter her minute ventilation? a. It would be alter becaused it would be raised. It raises it because she has more volume in her lungs. H)Normal blood oxygen saturation levels are greater than 94%.Cari’s blood oxygen saturation level was 90% at the time of her exam and an arterial blood gas analysis done when she was admitted to the hospital revealed her arterial Po2 was 54 mm Hg. How do these clinical findings relate to the internal respiration in Cari’s body? a. First a normal resting oxygen level should be 94% or higher with no oxygen supplements. A normal Po2 on a person resting is 40 mm Hg and if it was someone that was exercise it would be even lower so the 90% and 50 mmHg means that the arteries have too much oxygen. I)Which symptoms Cari has described are due to lack of oxygen and reduced oxygen exchanged at her tissues? . When she said â€Å"P anting like a dog†. This would be a symptom of what is going on. J)As Cari’s Pco2 rose, how was the oxygen –carrying capacity of hemoglobin affected? a. It will decrease since the CO2 will take oxygen place on the bus which means she will be getting more oxygen and the CO2 will be taken and gotten rid of. K)How would you have expected Cari’s decreased Pco2 and alkaline blood pH to have affected her breathing? a. Since her pH and Pco2 is decreasing so is her rate of breathing because she is not having to work as hard.

The Treatment Philosophy Of Alcoholics Anonymous Essay

Meeting attended: Alcoholics Anonymous, Serenity Group, Urban Ministries, 03/07/2016, 1200. The treatment philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is that of a 12-step program, additionally, the group caters to individuals who are recovering, or trying to recover from alcoholism. This group only focuses on alcohol abuse/misuse and not any other types of addiction. The 12-step program used by AA uses a person s spirituality to focus their attention on their higher power and how they might draw strength from it. In the meeting that I attended, the participants concentrated on the first two steps of the 12-step program. The first step, admitting that the person is/was powerless over alcohol, opened my eyes due to the fact that I always had thought that the first step was admitting you have a problem. Although, they come to the same conclusion, the word powerless struck a chord because being powerless can leave you feeling worthless and weak. The second step, believing that a power greater than yourself will restore you to sanity, I feel was the absolute focus of this meeting. T he participants read prayers and meditation passages before the meeting really got underway. I looked around at the faces in the room and I saw peace and acceptance on most faces when they were praying to their God to give them strength to abstain from alcohol for the day. After the opening prayers, dedications, meditation, and introductions (to which everyone said their first name followed by andShow MoreRelated12-Step Research Paper1506 Words   |  7 Pagesnearly all recovery programs still in use today. The program was originally called Twelve Steps for Alcoholics and is now referred to as the Twelve Step Program. The origins of the Twelve Step Program are unique. The Twelve-Step Program was the creation of a gentleman named Bill Wilson. Wilson was a stockbroker originally from New York who moved to Akron, Ohio, in 1935. Wilson was an alcoholic. 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Can they be substituted for traditional methods of treatment or perhaps they can work in conjunction with one another. Should treatment specialists consider incorporating religion and spirituality into their treatment methods? Christianity Christianity is the biggest religion in the world with over 2.2 billion adherents, and it has many different branches such as Catholicism, LutheranismRead MoreWilliam Griffith Wilson: Co-Founder of Alcoholic Anonymous1390 Words   |  6 Pageseventually married on January 24, 1918 right before Bill had left for World War I. (â€Å"Bill Wilson†, 2012). Bill W. served as a Second Lieutenant in the Coast Artillery. Bill had finally, in the military, experienced his â€Å"first drink†. According to Alcoholics Anonymous (2001), Bill stated, â€Å" I had found the elixir of life.† This first drink led to the second and all the drinks in the years to come for Bill, as he began drinking heavily and excessively. 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